Nosebleeds: Causes, Management, and When to Seek Help

A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, happens when blood flows from the nose. While dry air is a common reason, other factors can contribute to nosebleeds.

Understanding the Causes

Dry air is a common culprit for nosebleeds, as it can irritate and dry out the nasal passages, making small blood vessels more susceptible to breakage. Infections like colds and sinusitis can also irritate the nasal lining, leading to nosebleeds, particularly during sneezing or coughing.

Vigorous nose-picking can scratch the nose and cause blood vessels to rupture, resulting in a nosebleed. Injuries like a strong blow to the face, such as a bump or a punch, can also break blood vessels in the nose.

The thinner air at high altitudes can cause nosebleeds due to its dryness. Similarly, nasal inflammation caused by allergies or infections like sinusitis or rhinitis can damage blood vessels, triggering nosebleeds.

Certain medications, including aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and warfarin, can lead to nosebleeds as a side effect.

Managing a Nosebleed

If you experience a nosebleed, remain calm as panic can worsen the bleeding. Here are the steps you can take to manage it:

1. Stay Calm: Panic can worsen the bleeding.
2. Sit Up Straight: Keep your head above your chest.
3. Lean Forward: Lean your body slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing down your throat.
4. Pinch Your Nose: Use your thumb and forefinger to pinch your nose for 5 to 10 minutes while breathing through your mouth.
5. Avoid Touching Your Nose: Do not touch or blow your nose after the bleeding stops, as this can cause it to start again. If the bleeding recurs, gently blow your nose to clear any blood clots.

If a nosebleed persists for a long time or occurs frequently, seek medical attention immediately.